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A++
The Smallest Programming Language in the World

An Educational Programming Language

Including an Introduction to the Lambda Calculus


(Online Version)




NEW BOOKS available (July 2018)

A++ The Smallest Programming Language in the World

   NEW     ISBN: 978-3-7469-3021-3    NEW

A++ and the Lambda-Calculus

   NEW    ISBN: 978-3-7469-3811-0     NEW

A++ Die kleinste Programmiersprache der Welt

   NEW     ISBN: 978-3-7469-3199-9    NEW

Programmieren lernen mit A++

   NEW     ISBN: 978-3-7469-3098-5    NEW

A++ und systemnahe Programmiersprachen

   NEW     ISBN: 978-3-7469-3600-0    NEW

Von A++ nach ARS++

   NEW     ISBN: 978-3-7469-3644-4    NEW




The Original Printed version was available in October 2004:

Loczewski, Georg P.
A++ : The Smallest Programming Language in the World
1st. Edition 2005 -Darmstadt
STMV - S. Toeche-Mittler Verlag
ISBN 3-87820-116-8
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S. Toeche-Mittler Versandbuchhandlung GmbH
https://www.net-library.de
D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany

Two new editions have been published by the tredition Verlag in Hamburg, Germany in 2018 as specified in the list of new publications stated above. One edition was published in English (273 pages) and the other one in German (116 pages). The original edition by the 'S. Toeche-Mittler Versandbuchhandlung' has 242 pages. The contents of the 3 editions is not completely identical!

treditio verlag

Verlag: tredition GmbH
https://www.tredition.de
Halenreie 40-44
D-22359 Hamburg, Germany

The online version of the book is released under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Front-Cover Texts being "A++ -- The Smallest Programming Language in the World, by Georg P. Loczewski published by the S.Toeche-Mittler Verlag" and with no Back-Cover Texts. The full text of the license is available at the following address: GNU Free Documentation License.

The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the use of these programs.


The online version contains part I of the printed version covering the presentation of the language. The implementation of A++ in Perl and C with an introduction of ARS based programming in these languages is presented in the printed version only.



Georg P. Loczewski 2018-05-17

Printed version of 2nd edition typeset in LaTeX can be ordered now!!